karate framework for ui automation

And steps that follow should logically be in the Then form. """, # very useful for validating a response against a schema "super-set", * match karate.filterKeys(response, 'b', 'c') == { c, * match karate.filterKeys(response, ['a', 'b']) == { a, # generate a range of numbers as a json array, """ In rare cases you may want to suppress the default of Scenario-s executing in parallel and the special tag @parallel=false can be used. It will be initialized only after the driver keyword has been used to navigate to a web-page (or application). Behind the scenes, this sets the HTTP communication read timeout. squares.push(foo(n)); We can use this with param in And condition like below. This also works as a getter to get the current window dimensions. With the above in place, you dont have to keep switching between your src/test/java and src/test/resources folders, you can have all your test-code and artifacts under src/test/java and everything will work as expected. So we use the same Gherkin syntax - but the similarity ends there. Karate Framework Test Automation Made Simple. Sending GET, POST, PUT, PATCH and DELETE requests via Karate framework 3. Of course it is an option to have Karate tests in a separate stand-alone maven project and folder, while still being in the same Git repository. As a rule of thumb, prefer match over assert, because match failure messages are more detailed and descriptive. When you are in a hurry, you can pause a test in the middle of a flow just to look at the browser developer tools to see what CSS selectors you need to use. And any variables which are alive in the context can be used in this expression. This can be achieved using karate.callSingle(). Might be desirable instead of, useful to brute-force all keys and values in a JSON or XML payload to lower-case, useful in some cases, see, functional-style map operation useful to transform list-like objects (e.g. And similarly - for specifying the HTTP proxy. In other words, when call or callonce is used without a def, the called script not only shares all variables (and configure settings) but can update the shared execution context. This is like the opposite of set if you need to remove keys or data elements from JSON or XML instances. If you are familiar with Cucumber / Gherkin, the big difference here is that you dont need to write extra glue code or Java step definitions ! To understand how Karate compares to other UI automation frameworks, this article can be a good starting point: The world needs an alternative to Selenium - so we built one. """, """ For example: You can reset default settings by using the following short-cut: Since you can use configure any time within a test, you have control over which requests or steps you want to show / hide. Example: In an application testing if we are login the application in each scenario then we can put the login scenario under background. Instantiating a Java class and using this in a test is easy (see example): Since karate-config.js is processed for every Scenario, you can use a singleton instead of calling new every time. They should be at the end of the karate.options. This means: Where login.feature would look something like: There are many ways to parameterize the driver config or perform environment-switching, read this for more details. Note that def will over-write any variable that was using the same name earlier. If you want to dynamically and programmatically determine the tags and features to be included - the API also accepts. Karate is an open-source API (SOAP & REST) testing automation tool written in Java. Normally in dev mode, you will use your IDE to run a *.feature file directly or via the companion runner JUnit Java class. If you really want a long-running flow that combines steps from multiple features, you can make a call to each of them from the single top-level Scenario. The example below combines this with the advanced features described above. But you will never need to worry about this internal data-representation most of the time. This is best explained with an example. Also refer to this demo example for a working example of multipart file uploads: upload.feature. Also referred to as mutual auth - if your API requires that clients present an X509 certificate for authentication, Karate supports this via JSON as the configure ssl value. For advanced examples, refer to some of the scenarios within this demo: dynamic-params.feature. It may be easier for you to use the Karate Maven archetype to create a skeleton project with one command. Here is an example: Any Karate variable will be available to the template, which is users.html in this example. return results.size() == 2 ? This is especially relevant when manipulating GraphQL queries - because although they look suspiciously like JSON, they are not, and tend to confuse Karates internals. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. var results = innerText('.js-tree-browser-result-path'); And each element of the returned array will be the envelope of variables that resulted from each iteration where the *.feature got invoked. The first argument to karate.callSingle() is used as the cache key. In some rare cases where you dont want to auto-convert JSON, XML, YAML or CSV, and just get the raw string content (without having to re-name the file to end with .txt) - you can use the karate.readAsString() API. Features API and UI automation Conditional logic is not recommended especially within test scripts because tests should be deterministic. To make dynamic data-driven testing easier, the following keywords also exist: params, headers, cookies and form fields. The Karate project team is of the opinion that things can be made simpler. It is sometimes useful to be able to check if a key-value-pair does not exist. For JUnit 5 you can omit the public modifier for the class and method, and there are some changes to import package names. You can even perform a conversion from XML to JSON if you want. """, """ This is convenient for complex nested payloads where you are sure that you only want to check for some values in the various trees of data. This approach can certainly enable product-owners or domain-experts who are not programmer-folk, to review, and even collaborate on test-scenarios and scripts. This should make it clear why Karate does not provide out of the box support for any particular HTTP authentication scheme. On the other hand, if you are expecting a variable in the Background to be modified by one Scenario so that later ones can see the updated value - that is not how you should think of them, and you should combine your flow into one scenario. Here is an example: testCompile 'com.intuit.karate:karate-junit5:1.3.1', systemProperty "karate.options", System.properties.getProperty("karate.options"), systemProperty "karate.env", System.properties.getProperty("karate.env"), "ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter", // don't waste time waiting for a connection or if servers don't respond within 5 seconds, # steps here are executed before each Scenario in this file, # variables defined here will be 'global' to all scenarios, # and will be re-initialized before every scenario, # assigning a number (you can use '*' instead of Given / When / Then). And yes, functions can take arguments. Use the classpath: prefix to load from the classpath instead. return sdf.parse(s).time; // '.getTime()' would also have worked instead of '.time' A working example of calling a SOAP service can be found within the Karate project test-suite. For an example, refer: upload-multiple-files.feature. And the start() method will be invoked as soon as any Scenario requests for a web-browser instance (for the first time) via the driver keyword. Note that the set (multiple) keyword can build complex, nested JSON (or XML) from scratch in a data-driven manner, and you may not even need to read from files for many situations. Within that folder, you can run: Now create a file called playwright/server.js with the following code: The main thing here is that the server URL should be logged to the console when it starts. So you can compare 2 JSON (or XML) payloads if you wanted to: If you are wondering about the finer details of the match syntax, the Left-Hand-Side has to be either a. You should be able to run tests in parallel with ease ! See karate.callSingle(). There are two types of code that can be call-ed. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). path to file containing public and private keys for your client certificate. # but using karate.range() you can even do this ! It is best explained via examples. Step 3: Provide the project details and create project, Step 4: Add Maven dependencies in pom.xml. The demo also features code-coverage using Jacoco, and some tips for even non-Java back-ends. A special case of embedded expressions can remove a JSON key (or XML element / attribute) if the expression evaluates to null. You can ask for an element by its relative position to another element which is visible - such as a ,

or and for which the locator is easy to obtain. Note that waitForUrl() will also act as an assertion, so you dont have to do an extra match. Once you get used to this, you may even start wondering why projects need a src/test/resources folder at all ! The following table summarizes some key differences between Cucumber and Karate. Look at multipart entity for an example. Karate has an elegant approach to handling any action such as click() that results in a new page load. He created Karate to address some of the issues of Selenium. Here is a summary: Note that for the afterFeature hook to work, you should be using the Runner API and not the JUnit runner. Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). What this means is that you are free to use whatever makes sense for you. What is Karate DSL? Here below are a few more common examples: The first three are good enough for random string generation for most situations. Format of the trustStore file. In situations where you start an (embedded) application server as part of the test set-up phase, a typical challenge is that the HTTP port may be determined at run-time. You can use karate.abort() like so: Using karate.abort() will not fail the test. """, # * match cat == { name: '#ignore', type: '#regex . JSON arrays), see, convenient for the common case of transforming an array of primitives into an array of objects, see, useful to merge the key-values of two (or more) JSON (or map-like) objects, see. And you dont need to line-up an assortment of shell-scripts to do all these things. Cucumber has a limitation where Background steps are re-run for every Scenario. If you are behind a corporate proxy, or especially if your local Maven installation has been configured to point to a repository within your local network, the command below may not work. So even if your next step is the ENTER key, you can do this: Karate will do the best it can to detect a page change and wait for the load to complete before proceeding to any step that follows. } Note that the duration is in milliseconds. When the level is DEBUG the entire request and response payloads are logged. The recommended approach for Karate reporting in a Continuous Integration set-up is described in the next section which can generate the JUnit XML format that most CI tools can consume. In rare cases you may want to use a csv-file as-is and not auto-convert it to JSON. input: You can selectively re-direct some HTTP requests that the browser makes - into a Karate test-double ! And then you would use the built-in driver JS object for all other operations, combined with Karates match syntax for assertions where needed. If the request is for /api/*, the first Scenario matches - else the last one is a catch all. Karate framework is developed by Peter Thomas employed at Intuit. If you get stuck and ask a question on Stack Overflow, make sure you provide a cURL command that works - or else it would be very difficult for anyone to troubleshoot what you could be doing wrong. using the set keyword. When multipart content is involved, the Content-Type header of the HTTP request defaults to multipart/form-data. This means that you cannot use any Karate JS objects or API-s such as karate.get() or driver.title. In addition to fields, field may either be on the right or below the label depending on whether the container element had enough width to fit both on the same horizontal line. Step 2: Add feature and scenario description. Checking if a string is contained within another string is a very common need and match (name) contains works just like youd expect: For case-insensitive string comparisons, see how to create custom utilities or karate.lowerCase(). odd: '#(oddSchema)', Karates approach is that all the step-definitions you need in order to work with HTTP, JSON and XML have been already implemented. All we need to do now is to tell Chrome to intercept some URL patterns and use the above mock-server feature-file: The entire example can be found here - and here is a video. There is also a variant of Scenario called Scenario Outline along with Examples, useful for data-driven tests. Note that if you need to do a lot of case-insensitive string checks, karate.lowerCase() is what you are looking for. deleted: false For an example of how JavaScript looks like on the Karate side see Function Composition. If you are trying to build dynamic URLs including query-string parameters in the form: http://myhost/some/path?foo=bar&search=true - please refer to the param keyword. The business of web-services testing requires access to low-level aspects such as HTTP headers, URL-paths, query-parameters, complex JSON or XML payloads and response-codes. In some cases, for large payloads and especially when the default system encoding is not UTF-8 (Windows or non-US locales), you may run into issues where a java.io.ByteArrayInputStream is encountered instead of a string. Although it is just a few lines of code, take time to study the above example carefully. If you need to actually do something with each returned Element, see locateAll() or the option below. This is best explained in this example: copy.feature. The function argument is the row-index, so you can easily determine when to stop the generation of data. The recommendation is that you prefer chrome for development, and once you have the tests running smoothly - you can switch to a different WebDriver implementation. In such cases, you can always fall-back to a waitForUrl() or a more generic waitFor(). #string return jd.doWork(arg); For Gradle, you simply specify the test which is to be include-d: The big drawback of the approach above is that you cannot run tests in parallel. To avoid flaky tests, use waitForUrl(). Match failure messages are much more descriptive and useful, and you get the power of embedded expressions and fuzzy matching. Since match and set go well together, they are both introduced in the examples in the section below. Observe how you can match the result of a JsonPath expression with your expected data. Karate supports the following functional-style operations via the JS API - karate.map(), karate.filter() and karate.forEach(). You can replace the values of com.mycompany and myproject as per your needs. Karate Labs is an industry leading open-source test automation solution unifying API & UI test automation. Theres also a cross-platform stand-alone executable for teams not comfortable with Java. This is very useful to boil-down those common steps that you may have to perform at the start of multiple test-scripts - into one-liners. any valid JavaScript expression, and variables can be mixed in, another example: equivalent to the above, JavaScript function invocation, Pretty print the request payload JSON or XML with indenting (default, Pretty print the response payload JSON or XML with indenting (default. The contents of my-signin.feature are shown below. So you can do this, without needing the https:// part: You can also switch by page index if you know it: This sets context to a chosen frame (or

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karate framework for ui automation